Umar on Chivalry: Masculine virtues are in reason, religion, character

Ziyad ibn Hudayr reported: Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “The honor of a man is in his religion, his chivalry is in his character, and his foundation is in his intellect.”

Source: al-Sunan al-Kubrá lil-Bayhaqī 20811

Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Bayhaqi

Imam al-Mawardi commented, “Know that among the signs of virtue and the proofs of noble character is chivalry, which is the adornment of souls and the ornament of lofty aspirations. Chivalry is to conduct oneself in a manner that is always most becoming, such that no disgraceful act appears from a person intentionally, nor does he become deserving of blame.”

Source: Adab al-Dunyā wal-Dīn 1/317

عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ حُدَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ حَسَبُ الْمَرْءِ دِينُهُ وَمُرُوءَتُهُ خُلُقُهُ وَأَصْلُهُ عَقْلُهُ

20811 السنن الكبرى للبيهقي كتاب الشهادات باب بيان مكارم الأخلاق ومعاليها التي من كان متخلقا بها كان من أهل المروءة التي هي شرط في قبول الشهادة على طريق الاختصار

10/329 المحدث البيهقي خلاصة حكم المحدث إسناده صحيح في السنن الكبرى

قال الماوردي اعْلَمْ أَنَّ مِنْ شَوَاهِدِ الْفَضْلِ وَدَلَائِلِ الْكَرَمِ الْمُرُوءَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ حِلْيَةُ النُّفُوسِ وَزِينَةُ الْهِمَمِ فَالْمُرُوءَةُ مُرَاعَاةُ الْأَحْوَالِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ عَلَى أَفْضَلِهَا حَتَّى لَا يَظْهَرَ مِنْهَا قَبِيحٌ عَنْ قَصْدٍ وَلَا يَتَوَجَّهُ إلَيْهَا ذَمٌّ بِاسْتِحْقَاقٍ

1/317 أدب الدنيا والدين الباب الخامس أدب النفس فصل آداب المواضعة والإصلاح الفصل السابع في المروءة

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Abu Amina Elias
Abu Amina Elias (Justin Parrott) is an academic librarian, researcher, and translator specializing in the Quran, Hadith, and their commentaries. He is a former instructor of Islamic Creed for Mishkah University.
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