Sa’id ibn al-Musayyib reported: Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, was presented with a dispute between a Muslim and a Jew. Umar believed that the truth was on the side of the Jew, so he judged in his favor. The Jew said to him, “By Allah, you have judged with the truth!” Umar rapped him with his whip, saying, “How do you know?” The Jew said, “Indeed, we find written in the Torah that no one judges with the truth but that an angel is on his right and his left, keeping him steady and guided in truth. If he abandons the truth, they will ascend and leave him.”
Source: al-Mūwaṭṭaʼ li-Imām Mālik 2/719
Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Albani
Imam Ibn ‘Abdul Barr said, “This narration contains the understanding that judgments between a Muslim, an unbeliever, and a protected non-Muslim citizen are equal to judgments between Muslims.”
Source: al-Istidhkār 7/98
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رضي الله عنه اخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ مُسْلِمٌ وَيَهُودِيٌّ فَرَأَى عُمَرُ أَنَّ الْحَقَّ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ فَقَضَى لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَضَيْتَ بِالْحَقِّ فَضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِالدِّرَّةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَاَللَّهِ إنَّا نَجِدُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ لَيْسَ قَاضٍ يَقْضِي بِالْحَقِّ إِلَّا كَانَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ مَلَكٌ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ مَلَكٌ يُسَدِّدَانِهِ وَيُوَفِّقَانِهِ لِلْحَقِّ مَا دَامَ مَعَ الْحَقِّ فَإِذَا تَرَكَ الْحَقَّ عَرَجَا وَتَرَكَاهُ
2/719 موطأ مالك رواية يحيى كتاب الأقضية باب الترغيب في القضاء بالحق
2197 المحدث الألباني خلاصة حكم المحدث صحيح موقوف في صحيح الترغيب
قال ابن عبد البر وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ وَالْكَافِرَ وَالذِّمِّيَّ فِي الْحُكْمِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَالْفَصْلِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَوَاءٌ
7/98 الاستذكار كتاب الاقضية باب الترغيب في القضاء بالحق
