Ibn Abbas reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, only prayed two cycles after the afternoon prayer because some property came to him, which occupied him from performing two cycles after the noon prayer. The Prophet prayed them after the afternoon prayer and he did not repeat it.
Al-Tirmidhi said, “Most of the people of knowledge agreed upon the disapproval of praying after the afternoon prayer until the sun sets and after the dawn prayer until the sun rises. They made exceptions to that, such as praying in Mecca after the afternoon prayer until the sun rises, after the dawn prayer until the sin rises, and after performing Tawaf; it was said by Al-Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.”
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 184
Grade: Hasan (fair) according to Al-Tirmidhi
عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ لِأَنَّهُ أَتَاهُ مَالٌ فَشَغَلَهُ عَنْ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَصَلَّاهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَعُدْ لَهُمَا
قال الترمذي وَالَّذِي اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى كَرَاهِيَةِ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ وَبَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ إِلَّا مَا اسْتُثْنِيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الصَّلَاةِ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ وَبَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ بَعْدَ الطَّوَافِ وَبِهِ يَقُولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَقُ
184 سنن الترمذي كتاب الصلاة باب ما جاء في مواقيت الصلاة باب ما جاء في الصلاة بعد العصر
184 المحدث الترمذي خلاصة حكم المحدث حسن في سنن الترمذي