Ibn Kathir reported: The Children of Israel heard the word of Allah, but they did not understand until it was explained by Moses, upon him be peace. Moses conveyed ten commandments to them from Allah; the command to worship Allah alone without associating partners with Him; the prohibition of falsely swearing an oath by Allah; the command to preserve the Sabbath, meaning to set aside one day of the week for worship, which is now achieved on Friday after Allah abrogated the Sabbath; to honor your father and your mother, that your life may be long in the land your Lord is giving to you; do not murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not bear false witness against your neighbor; do not gaze upon your neighbor’s house, neither covet your neighbor’s wife, his slave, his maidservant, his ox, his donkey, nor anything else that he owns, meaning envy has been prohibited.
Imam Ibn Kathir commented, “Many of the righteous predecessors and others have said these ten commandments are contained in two verses of the Quran, in the saying of the Almighty: Say, O Prophet, ‘Come! Let me recite to you what your Lord has forbidden to you: do not associate others with Him in worship. Do not fail to honor your parents. Do not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for you and for them. Do not come near indecencies, openly or secretly. Do not take a human life—made sacred by Allah—except with legal right. This is what He has commanded you, so perhaps you will understand. Do not come near the wealth of the orphan—unless intending to enhance it—until they attain maturity. Give full measure and weigh with justice. We never require of any soul more than what it can afford. Whenever you speak, maintain justice—even regarding a close relative. Fulfill your covenant with Allah. This is what He has commanded you, so perhaps you will be mindful. Indeed, that is My Path—perfectly straight. So follow it and do not follow other ways, for they will lead you away from His Way. This is what He has commanded you, so perhaps you will be conscious of Allah.’” (6:151-153)
Source: al-Bidāyah wal-Nihāyah 2/133-134
عن ابن كثير أَنَّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سَمِعُوا كَلَامَ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَفْهَمُوا حَتَّى فَهَّمَهُمْ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام فَبَلَّغَهُمْ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرُ الْكَلِمَاتِ وَهِيَ الْأَمْرُ بِعِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ الْحَلِفِ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِبًا وَالْأَمْرُ بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى السَّبْتِ وَمَعْنَاهُ تَفَرُّغُ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأُسْبُوعِ لِلْعِبَادَةِ وَهَذَا حَاصِلٌ بِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ الَّذِي نَسَخَ اللَّهُ بِهِ السَّبْتَ أَكْرِمْ أَبَاكَ وَأُمَّكَ لِيَطُولَ عُمْرُكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ الَّذِي يُعْطِيكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّكَ لَا تَقْتُلْ لَا تَزْنِ لَا تَسْرِقْ لَا تَشْهَدْ عَلَى صَاحِبِكَ شَهَادَةَ زُورٍ لَا تَمُدَّ عَيْنَكَ إِلَى بَيْتِ صَاحِبِكَ وَلَا تَشْتَهِ امْرَأَةَ صَاحِبِكَ وَلَا عَبْدَهُ وَلَا أَمَتَهُ وَلَا ثَوْرَهُ وَلَا حِمَارَهُ وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنَ الَّذِي لِصَاحِبِكَ وَمَعْنَاهُ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْحَسَدِ
وَقَدْ قَالَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ السَّلَفِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ مَضْمُونُ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ فِي آيَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَهُمَا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ إِمْلَاقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَاعْدِلُوا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَبِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْفُوا ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ وَأَنَّ هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
2/133-134 البداية والنهاية قصة موسى الكليم فصل في دخول بني إسرائيل التيه وما جرى لهم فيه من الأمور العجيبة
