Burs ibn Sa’id reported: Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas said during the crisis of ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, “I witnessed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: Verily, there will be a tribulation in which one sitting is better than one standing, and one standing is better than one walking, and one walking is better than one running.” Sa’d said, “What do you advise if someone invades my home and stretches forth his hand to kill me?” The Prophet said, “Be like the son of Adam.”
Yazid recited the verse, “If you raise your hand to kill me, I will not raise mine to kill you, because I fear Allah—the Lord of all worlds,” (5:28).
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 2194
Grade: Hasan (fair) according to Al-Tirmidhi
Imam al-Nawawi commented, “The scholars differed regarding fighting during times of civil war (fitnah). A group said one should not fight in the conflicts of the Muslims, even if they enter his home and seek to kill him. It would not be permissible for him to defend himself, because the aggressor is acting based on a misinterpretation. This was the view of the Companion Abu Bakrah, may Allah be pleased with him, and others. Ibn ʿUmar and ʿImran ibn Husayn, may Allah be pleased with them, and others said one should not engage in such conflicts, but if he is attacked, he may defend himself. Thus, these two views agree on avoiding participation in the civil wars of Muslims. However, most of the Companions, the successors, and the majority of the scholars of Islam held that it is obligatory to support the party that is in the right during such conflicts, and to stand with them in fighting the rebellious aggressors, as Allah Almighty said, ‘Fight the group that transgresses,’ (49:9). This is the correct view. The prophetic traditions that discourage fighting are interpreted as referring to someone for whom the rightful side is not clear, or a conflict between two unjust groups, where neither side has a legitimate interpretation.”
Source: Sharḥ al-Nawawī ‘alá Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 18/10
عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ عِنْدَ فِتْنَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ فِتْنَةٌ الْقَاعِدُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْقَائِمِ وَالْقَائِمُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْمَاشِي وَالْمَاشِي خَيْرٌ مِنَ السَّاعِي قَالَ أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ بَيْتِي وَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ إِلَيَّ لِيَقْتُلَنِي قَالَ كُنْ كَابْنِ آدَمَ
في رواية أخرى تَلَا يَزِيدُ لَئِن بَسَطتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ
2194 سنن الترمذي أبواب الفتن باب ما جاء أنه تكون فتنة القاعد فيها خير من القائم
4/61 المحدث الترمذي خلاصة حكم المحدث حسن في سنن الترمذي
قال النووي وَقَدْ اخْتَلَفَ العلماء فى قتال الفتنة فقالت طائفة لايقاتل فِي فِتَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِنْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ بَيْتَهُ وَطَلَبُوا قَتْلَهُ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ الْمُدَافَعَةُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ لِأَنَّ الطَّالِبَ مُتَأَوِّلٌ وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ الصَّحَابِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَغَيْرِهِ وَقَالَ بن عُمَرَ وَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وغيرهما لايدخل فِيهَا لَكِنْ إِنْ قُصِدَ دَفَعَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فَهَذَانِ الْمَذْهَبَانِ مُتَّفِقَانِ عَلَى تَرْكِ الدُّخُولِ فِي جَمِيعِ فِتَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَقَالَ مُعْظَمُ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَعَامَّةِ عُلَمَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَجِبُ نَصْرُ الْمُحِقِّ فِي الْفِتَنِ وَالْقِيَامُ مَعَهُ بِمُقَاتَلَةِ الْبَاغِينَ كَمَا قَالَ تعالى فقاتلوا التى تبغى الْآيَةَ وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ وَتُتَأَوَّلُ الْأَحَادِيثُ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ لَهُ المُحِقُّ أَوْ عَلَى طائفتين ظالمتين لاتأويل لِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا
18/10 شرح النووي على مسلم
