Caliphs الخلفاء

Hadith on Tyranny: The Prophet disowns supporters of evil rulers

Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “There will be rulers after me whose malevolence will deceive the people. Whoever affirms their lies and helps their wrongdoing, I disavow myself from him and he is disavowed from me. Whoever does not affirm their lies, nor helps their wrongdoing, I …

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Hadith on Hawd: Supporters of tyranny forbidden from the Fountain

Khabbab ibn al-Aratt reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, there will be rulers after me, so do not affirm their lies, nor help them in their wrongdoing. Whoever affirms their lies and helps them in their wrongdoing, he will be turned away from me at the Fountain.” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn …

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Hadith on Tyranny: Warning not to help evil rulers in their sins

Al-Nu’man ibn Bashir reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Surely, there will be rulers after me who tell lies and commit oppression. Whoever affirms their lies and advises them in their wrongdoing, then he is not part of me and I am not part of him. Whoever does not affirm their …

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Hadith on Leaders: Three terrible stages of leading, unless fair

‘Awf ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “If you wish, shall I not tell you what is leadership? The first of it is blameworthy, the second of it is regret, and the third of it is punishment, unless he is just.” Source: al-Mu’jam al-Kabīr lil-Ṭabarānī 18/71 Grade: …

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Hadith on Caliphs: Ali testifies for Abu Bakr and Umar

‘Abdu Khayr reported: Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “Shall I not inform you of the best from this nation after its Prophet? It is Abu Bakr, and the best after him is Umar. Then, Allah will place goodness wherever He wishes.” Source: Musnad Aḥmad 922 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Arna’ut عَنْ …

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Ahmad on Rulers: Supplication for guidance of Caliphs and Imams

Abu Bakr al-Marrudhi reported: I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioning the Caliph al-Mutawakkil and he said, “Indeed, I pray for his righteousness and well-being.” Source: al-Sunnah li-Abī Bakr al-Khallāl 16 عَنْ ‌أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمَرُّوذِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَذَكَرَ الْخَلِيفَةَ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ فَقَال إِنِّي لَأَدْعُو لَهُ بِالصَّلَاحِ …

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Hadith on Khalifah: Virtues of the great commander Zayd ibn Harithah

Aisha reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, never dispatched Zayd ibn Harithah with an army but that he appointed him commander over them. If he had lived after the Prophet, he would have appointed him as the Caliph. Source: Musnad Aḥmad 25898 Grade: Hasan (fair) according to Al-Arna’ut عَنْ عَائِشَةَ …

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Umar II on Death: The Caliph trembles remembering the Hereafter

Al-Qaddah reported: Whenever death was mentioned in front of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, he would tremble like a bird and weep until his tears ran through his beard. Source: Ḥilyat al-Awliyā’ 5/316 عَنْ الْقَدَّاح أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ رحمه الله كَانَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ الْمَوْتُ انْتَفَضَ انْتِفَاضَ الطَّيْرِ وَبَكَى …

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Hadith on Imamate: Regret for eagerness to rule on Judgment Day

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, you will crave leadership, and it will be a source of regret on the Day of Resurrection. How nice is the wet nurse, yet how evil is the weaning!” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 7148 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Bukhari عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ …

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Hadith on Shirk: Effacing graven images, leveling high graves

Abu al-Hayyaj reported: Ali ibn Abi Talib said to me, “Shall I not send you upon the mission with which the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent me? Do not leave a graven image but that you efface it, and do not leave a built over grave but that you level …

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‘Amr on Fitnah: Tyranny a better situation than lengthy tribulation

Ibn ‘Asakir reported: ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with him, said to his son, “My son, memorize what I instruct you: a just leader is better than abundant rain, a predatory lion is better than an oppressive leader, and an oppressive and tyrannical leader is better than an everlasting tribulation.” Source: Tārīkh Dimashq …

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Hadith on Rulers: Advising the Muslim leader in private

Abu Wa’il reported: It was said to Usamah ibn Yazid, may Allah be pleased with him, “Have you not spoken to Uthman?” Usamah said, “You think I have not spoken to him unless you heard it? I have certainly spoken to him in the matter between us without bringing it up. I do not like …

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Hadith on Rulers: Fear Allah, listen, and obey lawful orders

‘Adi ibn Hatim reported: We said, “O Messenger of Allah, we do not ask you about obedience to Godfearing rulers, but rather those who do this and that,” and he mentioned their evil. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Fear Allah, listen, and obey.” Source: al-Sunnah li-Ibn Abī ‘Āṣim 1069 …

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Hadith on Rulers: Patience with tyranny but no obedience in sin

‘Ubadah ibn al-Samit reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “O ‘Ubadah!” I said, “I am here.” The Prophet said, “Listen and obey authorities in hardship, in ease, and in what you dislike, even if they give undue preference over you, even if they consume your property and they strike …

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Hadith on Rulers: What if they do not give us our rights?

Wa’il al-Hadrami reported: Salamah ibn Yazid asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saying, “O Prophet of Allah, what do you think if rulers are charged over us who demand their rights and prevent us from our rights? What do you command us to do?” The Prophet turned away from him, …

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Hadith on Fitnah: Tribulations coming one after another

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, no prophet came before me but that it was a duty upon him to guide his nation to what he knew was good for them and to warn them of what he knew was evil for them. This nation …

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Hadith on Obedience: Obey Allah, His Messenger, authorities as much as you can

Abdullah ibn Umar reported: When we pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, on condition of listening and obeying, he said to us, “As much as you are able.” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 7202, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1867 Grade; Muttafaqun Alayhi (authenticity agreed upon) according to Al-Bukhari and Muslim عَنْ عَبْدِ …

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Hadith on Sultan: Obey Muslim authorities in prosperity and adversity

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “You must listen and obey authorities in hardship and ease, what you are eager for and what you dislike, even if they give undue preference over you.” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1836 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Muslim عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ …

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Malik on Rulers: Do not curse kings, rather repent to Allah

Salih al-Murri reported: Malik ibn Dinar, may Allah have mercy on him, said, “I have found in the Wisdom that Allah says: I am Allah, the King of kings. The hearts of the kings are in My hand. Whoever obeys Me, I will make them merciful to him, and whoever disobeys me, I will make …

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Hadith on Khuruj: Rebels have rejected guidance of Islam

Abu Dharr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever secedes from the community as much as a handspan has thrown the yoke of Islam off of his neck.” Source: Sunan Abī Dāwūd 4758 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Albani عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ …

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